The Art of War or The Heart of War?

ISBN: 1934255122

Translations can be a tricky thing. Especially if you are translating the oldest book on military strategy still in existence.

Lionel Giles is famous for his translation of The Art of War, as are James Clavell and Samuel B. Griffth. Still, many scholars despair of ever having a truly accurate translation of any of the historical Chinese texts, due to the changing nature of language patterns over the centuries, which complicate translation and transliteration.

In this article, the author explores some various nuances that have been lost in many of the accepted translations of The Art of War, (excerpts from The Art of War by Sun Tzu – Special Edition):

The title given to the text has been translated into English as the Art of War. Looking at the individual words or ideograms we see a much more complicated meaning of the original title then the English title suggests. The ideogram for war as it is used in the title can also be translated into the English words: Combat, Maneuver, Weapon, and Conflict.

The meaning of conflict from the western viewpoint has negative connotations. Conflict can also though be a good thing. If I have the choice of going to a party or out with some friends then I am in conflict. Conflict in ideas’ leads to growth and change. We in the West tend to separate the negative and positive types of conflict into two meanings on subjective criteria based on the emotive social misconception that conflict is bad therefor good conflict is something else. Both types of conflict negative and positive are represented in the Chinese definition of conflict as defined in the text title, leading to different interpretations than one in the West would initially expect.

This difference in the Western definition of conflict can be summed up by Cognitive Dissonance Theory, which states that when we are psychologically aroused by a new perception that conflicts with previously stored ideas or does not fit into a preexisting “World View” then the individual will alter their perception and sometimes alter it to incorporate the new perception into their store of knowledge.

This process of comparing previously stored knowledge is influenced by our culture. The process of socialization where parents and society instill cultural values to their children is how a culture continues through the generations but what if these values or knowledge are a matter of perspective? If you are raised to believe a pink pixie created the world and everyone in the culture agrees, chances are that without outside influence you will believe the same thing.

Also the different connotations of words can lead to break away words with different connotations and meanings. In the case of conflict in the West we may say “I am making a decision, I’m not in conflict” but they are the same thing. When dealing with another culture we have to be aware of the full extent and meaning of the word and not just its translation.

Spiritual values can also be incorporated into the translated word. Chinese ideograms are often made up of sub components e.g. the ideogram for to listen includes the ideograms for hearing and also heart. In the Western translation this aspect of heart has been left out. This leads to the argument translation verses transliteration. This is what has happened with The Art of War as with all East- West translation to varying degrees. (Excerpt from Dean McNichol)    Read More of This Article